military members to accessing and remaining in mental health treatment. the effectiveness of psychotherapy treatments designed for adult victims of sexual assault or sexual harassment in military settings.associations between sexual assault or sexual harassment and mental health conditions.PHCoE turned to RAND's National Defense Research Institute to investigate and synthesize the relevant research in the following three topic areas: Given these persistent challenges, PHCoE identified an urgent need to better understand research that is pertinent to sexual assault and sexual harassment during military service so that the department and the military services could improve the health care response for service members. Despite a need to address these harms, some service members have reported in such surveys as the 2018 WGRA that connecting to health care or mental health services following sexual assault or sexual harassment can be difficult-in part because of a lack of leadership support. Consistent with past studies, a 2021 RAND report on findings from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study found that the probability that a service member leaves the military rises dramatically after they have been sexually assaulted. The same survey found that 24.2 percent of active-duty women and 6.3 percent of active-duty men experienced sexual harassment in the previous year.Īccording to information on sexual assault and harassment in the military from DoD's Psychological Health Center of Excellence (PHCoE), victims of sexual assault and sexual harassment often experience a variety of psychological disorders. Results from the 2018 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Members (WGRA) revealed that 6.2 percent of women and 0.7 percent of men were categorized as having been sexually assaulted in the past year. Among those conditions are ones that arise from sexual assault and sexual harassment, which, despite DoD's efforts, persist throughout the military. Department of Defense (DoD) has invested substantial resources into developing effective treatments for military-related mental health conditions. The evidence base around the effects and treatment of sexual assault and sexual harassment in military contexts is limited in scope and quality deficiencies must be addressed to better inform the development of targeted policies across the care continuum. Current or former military members face unique barriers to accessing and remaining in mental health treatment, which points to a need for tailored policy changes or other interventions to better connect members who have experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment to therapy.Psychotherapy interventions reviewed were effective in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms among adult victims of sexual assault in military settings.Sexual assault has stronger associations with PTSD than with other nonsexual traumas.Sexual assault and sexual harassment have significant associations with the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance use disorders among victims, with the strongest associations for PTSD compared with other diagnoses.
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